Standard files, con't

• Standard Error

  • Similar to standard ouptut, but used for error messages. This way, if standard output is re-directed, the error message is still seen (or at least it goes somewhere else)
  • Redirect with 2>; note difference in these commands:
    • cat /no/file/here > file3.txt
    • cat /no/file/here 2>/dev/null
  • Print to standard error with >&2
    • echo “An error has occurred! Blame jtate!” >&2

• Other file descriptors

  • There is a system for using other file descriptors above 2, for your own purposes. I have no clue how it works, but I needed to put something in this space.

Notes: